y files are transferred between computers. Users can access millions of files, documentation, source code, and other useful objects on anonymous FTP archives. A WWW browser can view and retrieve information from FTP archives. Gopher was developed at the University of Minnesota as a distributed campus information service. There are Gopher servers everywhere, many of them which provide campus-wide information systems. Gopher information is organized into menus. However, because hypertext provides the same services as Gopher and more, many sites are moving from gopher-supplied information to WWW-supplied information. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol provided by WWW servers. It includes hypertext linking, HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and server scripts. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): The Internet uses he TCP/IP protocol. Once physically connected, the computer must use the agreed TCP/IP network protocol in order to communicate. The software to do this is usually built into the computer or network operating system and is installed with Windows or Macintosh when you configure your Internet connection. Now that we know how data is exchanged, in the next section we will discuss how Internet addresses help computers find information.What is An Internet Address?Addresses contain directions to get you to a specific address. Three types of Internet addresses are:Uniform Resource Locators (URL)IP AddressDomain Name System (DNS)Uniform Resource Locators (URL's) consist of an Internet Protocol prefix, generally HTTP, an Internet domain name, and file or folder names, which refer to a specific document location. The URL tells you that a page is in a domain, directory, folder, and has a name with the html extension. This address specifies the access-method (how), the server name (where), and the location (what) is needed for a WWW client to find and access a WWW object. As shown below, the ge...
