ing - Space (Ergonomics) - Room temperature - Lighting - Job security - Hours of work Project Estimation Estimating Techniques Top-Down A global cost for the development is estimated and then refined. Bottom-Up The project is broken down into two various sub-systems and estimates are made by those not responsible; these are then aggregated to provide a total estimate. Expert Judgement Ask the oracles and compare their results with your estimate. Analogy This when the system is compared to others similar in the end product, and estimation is done in accordance with the comparison.Parametric Modelling/Algorithmic This is when size and complexity are measured using arithmetic yardsticks. I think the best methods to use for pricing are top-down and bottom up. The two techniques would be combined in there usage. Top-down gives a starting estimate, which is then refined, as in top-down design, the refinement is carried out when more detail about the systems requirements are disclosed. The estimate is altered to match the system when it is split into sub-systems. An estimated figure is then given to the client, who knows the figure could decrease or increase. Bottom-up technique would not sufficient used by it as it has a large margin of error, so it would be better to combine the techniques. The estimate is based on the system to be built. Identifying Risks to the Project The project manager should consider the following topics during planning. What could go wrong? What chance (or possibility) is there of this happening? What would be the effect in cost and time? What alternatives can be utilised - (contingencies)? Project Assurance Team The project most be successful or be as close as it can to the end goal and the best way to do this is to set up a ProjectAssurance Team. - A member of the organisation, perhaps the auditor, who has the task of overseeing expenditure and results. - A member of the user department, usually in a supervisory ro...
