er, 84).” The making of the December 1988 National Geographic cover was a trip worthy of the Society itself: Holographic artists have greatly increased their technical knowledge. They know the discipline and now contribute to the technology as well as the creative process. The art form has become international, with major exhibitions being held throughout the world. How is Holography made? There are many steps to this process. A hologram can be made not only with the light waves of a laser, but also with sound waves and other waves in the Electro-magnetic spectrum. Holograms made with X-rays or ultraviolet light have the ability to record images of particles smaller than visible light, such as atoms or molecules. “Microwave holography detects images deep in space by recording the radio waves they emit (Fournier, 90).” The type of holography that uses sound waves to see through solid objects is called, Acoustical holography. Holography's unique ability to record and renovate both light and sound waves makes it a precious tool for industry, science, business, and education. The following are applications used today: Double-exposed holograms (holographic interferometry) provide researchers with crucial heat-transfer data for the safe design of containers used to transport or store nuclear materials. A telephone credit card used in Europe has embossed surface holograms that carry a monetary value. When the card is inserted into the telephone, a card reader discerns the amount due and deducts (erases) the appropriate amount to cover the cost of the call. Supermarket scanners read the bar codes on merchandise for the store's computer by using a holographic lens system to direct laser light onto the product labels during checkout. Holography is used to depict the shock wave made by airfoils to locate the areas of highest stress. These holograms are used to improve the design of a...
