The Use of Non-human Animals
As is also true of most social phenomena in the country, however, the animal rights movement is not new. Animal protection organizations have existed in the United States for more than 100 years (Alperson 2630), and the animal welfare movement has even earlier origins in Englandthe Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was founded in 1824 (Zak 6974).

The level of activism and the tactics employed in the pursuit of animal rights since the late1980s, however, do represent changes (Holden 1719; Zak 6974). Both sides in the controversy demand moderation in the behavior of the parties in the opposing camp, and each side demands new laws to deal with either the protection of animals, or the protection of those who use (or abuse) animals (Alperson 2630; Freeman and Ward S1S2; Jasny 1755; Ritvo 5461; Zak 6974).

The Methodological Approach of This Examination of the Issue

The use of animals in medical and other scientific experimentation is justified within the context of utilitarian philosophy and is frequently codified in law. The thesis of this research is that utilitarian philosophy does not provide an adequate justification for the use of non human animals in the conduct of medical and other scientific experimentation. Within this methodological framework, the treatment of animals within the structure of a utilitarian philosophy is assessed. This assessment includes the examination of (1) utilitarian philosophy and

 

When most Americans think of animal rights and animal welfare, they think of the use of animals in biomedical research, or they think of fur seals. Animals are, however, used for many other purposes, and, depending upon one's perspective, these uses are either justified or unjustified.

Hay, Cameron. "Labs Protest Animal Cutoff." Japan Times Weekly International Edition, 27 July 1992, 8.

its relation to law, and (2) the concept of animal rights.

Utilitarian philosophy, therefore, does not appear to be a sound basis upon which to build a dialogue between those who would use animals in the conduct of medical and other scientific experimentation and those who would prohibit such use. The building of a consensus that would lead to laws acceptable to both sides on the issue demands the application of a different philosophy.

More and more often, research scientists reacting to the arguments of animal rights and animal welfare activists are sounding like small children"He's doing it; why can't I." To cite the facts that (1) veterinarians also place animals in cages, (2) pounds and shelters kills thousands of stray animals each year, and (3) animals are killed for food, as was done in an editorial in Science, is not a philosophical justification for the use of animals in medical and other scientific experimentation (Koshland 1253). It is, rather, simply a childish argument. What the argument does point out, however, is that many animal rights and animal welfare activists are scarcely on ground any firmer than that of the scientists. Most animal rights and animal welfare activists, as an example, do not refuse to (1) eat the flesh of animals, or (2) make use of drugs and medical procedures developed through the use of animals in medical and other scientific research. These inconsistencies in the behavior of animal rights and animal welfare activists do not compromise the philosophical underpinning of the position opposing the use of non human animals in med

 
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    Some topics in this essay  
 
    Jeremy Bentham | Scientific Experimentation | World War | Animal Worship | William Sound | United Americans | Rene Descartes | Animal Welfare | Animals PETA | Philosophy Law | medical scientific | animal rights | animals medical | animals medical scientific | medical scientific experimentation | scientific experimentation | animal welfare | rights animal | animal rights animal | utilitarian philosophy | rights animal welfare | human animals | treatment animals | welfare activists | animal welfare activists |  
   
 
 
 
   
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