Measurement of Variables 43

Research Instruments 44

Sampling Methods and Procedures 44

Analytical Methods 44

Summary 45

4 - Results and Findings 46

Introduction 46

Results/Findings 46

Research Question One 46

Research Question Two 47

Research Question Three 47

Research Question Four 48

Summary 49

5 - Conclusions and Recommendations 50

Introduction 50

Conclusions of Data Analysis and Literature 50

Effects of Limitations 50

Recommendations 51

Implications 52

Appendix A - Data Tables 53

Appendix B - Graphical Presentation of Data 62

Appendix C - Statistical Calculation Exhibits 67

The sharing of productivity increases through the application of the gainsharing concept is a situation wherein, within the confines of a specific organization, someone may be made better off, with no one being made worse off. These results may occur because increases in productivity rendered past performance and resource allocation economically inefficient.

The concept of participative management appeared for the first time at the General Motors Corporation prior to World War II, when that firm was under the leadership of Alfred Sloan. The participative management style did not receive wide attention, however, until the 1950s, when Peter Drucker introduced the term management-by-objectives.

Perhaps the most important use of statistics and statistical procedures is the testing hypotheses--one of the procedures which permits the making of inferences (Ott, 1988, pp. 8, 10). There are several statistical procedures which are used in the testing of hypotheses. Thre