The Unification of European Union
The Single Market was formally completed at the end of 1992. The Maastricht treaty was signed on February 7, 1992 between members of the European Community. It led to the creation of the European Union and was the result of separate negotiations on monetary union and on political union. The treaty resulted in in the creation of the Euro. The twenty-five countries that are currently members of the European Union are listed below along with their dates of membership:

In 1992 the EU decided to establish an economic and monetary union (EMU), involving the introduction of a single European currency managed by a European Central Bank. The single currency called the Euro became a reality on January 1, 2002 when Euro notes and coins replaced national currencies in Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and

 

Leach, R. (n.d.). A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein. Retrieved Jan. 09, 2005, from A-Z of Europe Web site: http://www.euro-know.org/dictionary/.

Dennis writes that in export sales transactions, buyers and sellers rarely use the same currency, and the relative value of their respective currencies constantly changes. Depending on whether the sale is to be paid in the buyer's currency or the seller's currency, one party or the other incur additional risks and lost profits when foreign exchange rates are unfavorable to that party to the transaction. This is the result of changes in the relative value of two currencies between the time the goods are sold and the time they are paid for. Dennis writes that foreign exchange rate fluctuation is one of the risks of selling internationally. Currency exchange rates are influenced by a variety of factors including supply and demand; interest rate differentials; economic news; political events; and government intervention and there is no single entity that regulates or controls the foreign exchange market. There are a variety of ways to hedge against unfavorable changes in the value of foreign currency exchange rates, including these:

Wikipedia, (2005). Retrieved Jan. 09, 2005, from History of the European Union Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /History_of_the_European_Union.

The future of the EU seems bright. The EU is expected to increase the nations that are members for the next several years. Following the successful introduction of the Euro in many EU countries, other EU member nations are looking carefully at the benefits of becoming more fully integrated economically by becoming members of the EMU. The fluctuations described in the previous paragraph relating to exchange rates suggest that foreign exchange rates fluctuate in a narrow range which has a positive effect on the EU's ability t

 
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