The Orem's Nursing Theory
Orem (cited in Bartle, 1991, p. 35) defines self-care as "an adult's continuous contribution to his or her own continued existence, health and well-being" (Bartle, 1991, p. 35). The Orem model contains three self-care requisites describing those internal and external conditions that both maintain human structure and function, and support human development and maturation. They include the following: (1) universal; (2) developmental; and (3) health-deviation. Universal self-care requisites maintain those general processes that are essential to life. Hence, they comprise such things as the need for air, water, and food. Moreover, they include the care associated with the elimination process. Universal self-care requisites may also involve the need for various balances (e.g., the balance between activity and rest, or between solitude and social interaction). They may also relate to the need for protection from hazards. Overall, the universal requisites should promote human "functioning and development within social groups" in accord with a person's "potential limitations and the desire to be normal" (Bartle, 1991, p. 35). In contrast, developmental self-care requisites involve those conditions that influence a person's growth and maturation. These may include both physical and psychological human needs from intra-uterine life to full adult maturation. Lastly, health-de

 

Arnold, W. K.; Nieswiadomy, R., & Watson, G. W. (1993). Bowen's Family Theory. In Ziegler, S. M. (Ed.), Theory-directed nursing practice (pp. 75-103). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

It must also be mentioned that Mrs. L. M.'s fractured hip is infected. Therefore, the home nurse would have to make sure that Mrs. L. M. receives antibiotics. Furthermore, the nurse should also employ universal precautions to prevent the interpersonal transmission of microorganisms. Such precautions might include the wearing of gloves, hand washing, and making sure that the patient's linens have been laundered (Jaffe & Skidmore-Roth, 1993, p. 404-405).

Taylor, S. G. & McLaughlin, K. (1990). Orem's general theory of nursing and community nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 153-160.

Despite Mrs. L. M.'s parental support though, her physician recognized various self-care deficits. Therefore, home nursing care was ordered. This care is in line with Orem's supportive-educative nursing system. The nurse should visit Mrs. L. M.'s home daily for the first week, 3 times per week for the following 5 weeks, and then 2 times per week for the subsequent 2 weeks. On each visit--in addition to other aspects of care--the nurse will provide a dressing change, assess the home for safety, and check on the children.

Taylor, S. G. (1988). Nursing theory and nursing process: Orem's theory in practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 111-119.

 
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