Federal trial courts also include administrative quasijudicial agencies, such as the United States Tax Court, the Federal Trade Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, and others. Actions by these quasijudicial bodies, however, may not include findings of criminal responsibility. When criminal action is to be brought in such cases, the case must be submitted to a United States District Court. Federal trial courts also include the military justice system. The military justice system is separate from the federal civilian court system; however, and the Court of Military Appeals is the highest court within the military justice system. Rulings of the Court of Military Appeals may be appealed further to the Supreme Court of the United States.

The appellate courts in the federal system included the United States Supreme Court as the court of last resort and the United States Circuit Courts of Appeal. The federal appellate system also includes the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the Court of Claims; however, these courts do not hear criminal cases. The United States Circuit Courts of Appea

l may hear cases originally heard by United States District Courts or cases wherein the rulings of state supreme courts are appealed. The United States Supreme Court may hear cases wherein the rulings of United States Circuit Courts of Appeal are appealed. The United States Supreme Court may also accept direct appeals from the rulings of state supreme courts.

As most parolees and probationers are "poor . . . uneducated, and . . . unemployable . . .," and as these individuals, in most instances, "are already subject to fines, restitution charges, victims/witness fees, and court costs assessments," the imposition of parole or probation fees often creates a situation for the individuals concerned where they are "robbing Peter to pay Paul." In recognition of this problem, many states have established payment priority hierarchies. Most jurisdictions place parole and probation fees in a range from the middle to the bottom of the list of applicable payments.

Several factors are involved in the court's decision to hear a case. First, a growing number of cases submitted to the United States Supreme Court are paupers' cases. Since 1984, the court has denied many pauper petitions on the grounds that the litigants were not bonafide paupers. Since 1989, the court has also denied pauper petitions from litigants with large numbers of prior petitions, and since 1991, has denied pauper petitions considered to be frivolous or malicious.

1. Individuals are denied parole or probation if they are unable to meet the financial obligations imposed under such programs, or are unwilling to meet the financial obligations imposed under such programs.

For a case to be accepted for hearing by the United States Supreme Court, it must meet certain technical criteria. The petition must comply with the rules of the United States Supreme Court, the court must have jur