Pollitt, J. J. "Rome: The Republic and Early Empire." In The Oxford History of Classical Art. ed., John Boardman, 217-295. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.Kostof, Spiro. A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals. 2nd ed. Revised by Greg Castillo. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Such adaptations and differences are just as prominent in religious buildings. In temple construction, the first important building at Rome was Quintus Metellus' complex (c. 148) which included temples of Juno and Jupiter and was built by the Greek architect Hermodorus of Salamis. Hermodorus may also have been the first architect to introduce "a thoroughgoing use of the Greek architectural orders" at Rome. The temples of Quintus Metellus might have resembled the style of the Temple of Fortuna Virilis (125 BC) at Rome. This temple was built in a common style that combined the ground plan of the Tuscan (actually Etruscan) style with a version of the Greek temple's exterior. This typical Roman building is like a Greek peripteral temple in possessing a deep porch and podia. But the resemblance is only superficially continued on the sides and back of the temple where the Romans attached the columns of the peristyle to the walls of the cella and created a mere visual analog to the Greek originals. Most aspects of Greek architectural tradition underwent considerable changes in being adapted by the Romans. The domestic architecture uncovered at the buried city of Pompeii, which was always a crossroads between Greek and Roman influences, offers some of the clearest examples of the differences between Roman and Greek architecture. Here the earliest examples can be found of the Roman "feeling for inwardness" as well as for the highly regimented composition that distinguishes Roman layouts from even the most formal of Greek or Hellenistic designs. Roman houses, for example, were constructed as rectangles with rigid central axes and when the Greek peristyles |
