Research on The Sound & The Fury and Beloved
One clue is in the title, derived from the passage in Macbeth that describes life in terms of its progress toward ghostly status, "but a walking shadow, a poor player / That struts and frets his hour upon the stage / And then is heard no more: it is a tale / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, / Signifying nothing.(Macbeth, V.vi). The Compsons, who are the subject of The Sound and the Fury, are haunted individually and collectively, within the family circle and with reference to the family circle's place in Yoknapatawpha county. The entire novel begins as a tale told by the family idiot Benjy and continues as characters alternately fret (Benjy, Quentin, Mrs. Compson) and strut (Jason, Caddy) through life, or are so to speak heard no more (Caddy), never resolving the family's past and therefore continually haunted by it, continually attached to it, and at the same time continually seeking a way out of it. Dilsey, their black maid, counters the family's dangerous poison and offers a steady presence that absorbs the ghosts of the Compsons' slaveholding past and offers hope for the future. How this is worked out in the novel can be seen with reference to the shape that the ghosts assume for those who are haunted.

As a family, the Compsons haunted by the collective memory of the Civil War in the South. The Compsons have an anachronistic attachment to antebellum land in the midst of modernizing and industrializing 20th-century America.

 

The point is that Caddy's capacity for love is every where frustrated and suppressed at home. Her leaving the house can be read at once as the result of alienation and as escape, pure and simple, to some place Other, where love can be expressed. The fact that she is haunted by the vacuum of family experience explains why the manifestation of her expression of love is as a Nazi's mistress. On the other hand, it is possible to infer that she understood that the worst thing she could do for her daughter Quentin and the rest of the family is live in the same house with them. The Jefferson librarian's interpretation of Caddy's being photographed with a German officer ("We must save her!") raises the possibility that Caddy, too, and not just Benjy or Quentin, may be having the experiences of intense, unspeakable hauntedness. She may shudder before the silence of the universe, even though she is thousands of miles away from Mississippi.

This is the terror of solitude in the face of the haunting demon. It is also self-absorption, for Mrs. Compson lacks the maternal sense that could be the emotional anchor of a family. Quentin pines for a mother he has never had, so that he could go to her for comfort. How she managed to bear four children in the first place is something of a puzzle, for she has been lying in bed, dying of the same vague disease for eighteen years by the time The Sound and the Fury begins. A lady of quality, she seems to represent every pretense of the genteel and hypocritical South. Whatever the inconvenience or emotional cost to her family, Mother will keep up appearances, keep up the pretense of a social norm, insisting that the family--even Benjy--collaborate in the pretense of normality. She suppresses Caddy's nurturing instinct toward Benjy, in a mask of social pretense.

"What reason did Quentin have? Under God's heaven what reason did he have? It cant be simply to flout and hurt me. Whoever God is, He would not permit that. I'm a lady. You might n

 
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    Some topics in this essay  
 
    Sound Fury | Civil War | Faulkner's Appendix | Medea Sethe's | Beloved Sethe's | Jason Caddy | Compsons Dilsey | Paul D's | Whoever God | Jason IV | sound fury | civil war | principal effect beloved's | act rage | haunted action | experience ghost | escape family | paul d's | demon act | contradictory feelings | narrative line |  
   
 
 
 
   
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