Effect on Early Childhood Education
The Carnegie study outlined the blueprint for academic success, one that begins by offering all American children access to two years of quality preschool learning. Many studies available in the literature support the Carnegie contention with empirical evidence. One study on 3- to 5-years-olds at the University of North Carolina, conducted on 418 children in four states, suggested that there were definite academic and behavior benefits reported in later learners who had experience preschool in a high quality program, “Preschoolers in good day-care centers have better academic skills and fewer behavior problems by second grade than those in poor-quality child care. By age 8, preschoolers who had been in high-quality centers—safe, stimulating and nurturing—had better math skills than peers in poor or mediocre preschool care. Among those with above-average math scores, 55% had attended centers rated in the top half for quality; 45% of good math achievers came from lesser-quality centers” (Elias, 1999, 01D).

Because of the positive results of many studies in this vein, many states are beginning to promote programs that assure equal access to preschool programs for those who are disadvantaged economically. One program in Kentucky has served more than 21,000 students since its inception, a program

 

The literature also suggests that students with special needs also benefit from preschool programs in both academic and behavior measures. Special needs children often have more difficulty integrating into the mainstream curricula and their disability can make them experience behavior issues as a result of the insensitivity or inappropriateness of non-disabled students. However, a great deal of the research suggests that there have been too few studies conducted to determine the effectiveness of preschool programs. Yet, a study conducted at Fordham University suggests that there is a profound statistical increase in the rate of learning for children who experience high quality preschool programs, and the study also indicates that even when special needs children remain in special needs programs in k-12 they still adjust better if they experienced a high quality preschool program before entering kindergarten, “Preschool officials argue that even if many children stay in special education as they enter kindergarten, they would have had more problems without the early intervention. Little has been done by either public or private agencies to study the effectiveness of preschool programs. One agency, Variety, studied development of its students over time and concluded they could demonstrate improvement. Variety’s research, in conjunction with Fordham University, found a ‘statistically significant increase’ in rates of learning for 126 children observed between 1993 and 1995,” (Markon, 1997, A04).

There are numerous other studies in the literature that support the contention that preschool programs greatly benefit later academic and behavior success in education. While many researchers in the literature point to the need for even more research, the majority of the research available does support the positive benefits that accrue to young learned from spending time in a high quality preschool program. For example, one study that was conducted on children who had

 
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