The Effects of Depression on Perceptions of Time Passage
For this study, the sample included 91 male and female undergraduate students from a psychology course. The subjects participated in a card sorting experiment to determine experiences of the passage of time. Mood states were induced to include depression and more elevated states. Findings showed that students in which a depressed state was induced, rated the passage of time to feel slow, compared to those in which a more elevated state was induced. However, each group was able to rate the tasks accurately regarding short or long amounts of time needed to complete the task. Thus it was only the subjective or feeling aspect related to the passage of time that was affected by the depressed state, rather than the actual passage of time. While this study provided some insight into the relationship between depression and perceptions of time passage, limitations included a small sample size and the use of a nonclinical population only. Thus actual effects of depression on time passage perceptions was not measured; instead effects of a depressed state were measured. A study is needed to replicate aspects of this study, comparing a clinical and nonclinical population.

Other studies of psychological states and time perceptions include effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on perceptions of the passage of time. Barkley, Murphy, and Bush (2001) studied time perception in

 

Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and distributions will be used to describe the research sample. Tables also demonstrate results.

3. There will be no significant difference between depressed and non-depressed individuals regarding effects of depression on actual beliefs in time passed.

Subjects will be informed that their participation is voluntary and they may withdraw from the study at any time, and that confidentiality regarding the participant will be maintained.

A panel of practitioners will review the instrument to ensure validity. The panel will consist of three students who rate themselves as non-depressed and three patients diagnosed with a depressive disorder. Panel members will give responses about the items on the questionnaire. The panel will be asked to review each question on the questionnaire and to indicate whether the question should be included. Further, they will be asked if the questionnaire lacks any question that should be included in the study. Modifications and adjustments will be made to the instrument and will be based on the responses of the panel. Panel members will also fill in the questionnaire twice to establish reliability.

Wong, E. C., Kim, B. S. K., Zane, N. W. S., Kim, I. J., & Huang, J. (2003). Examining culturally based variables associated with ethnicity: Influences on perceptions of empirically supported interventions. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(1), 88-96.

 
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    Some topics in this essay  
 
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