The Major Artists Involved in Sculpture in the 1980s
One very strong influence in modern sculpture during the 1980s was that of conceptual art. It has been noted that sculptors in the 1980s could be contrasted with those of the 1970s in "their preference for metaphor over symbol, and for poetic ellipsis rather than literary and discursive content, together with their methods of entwining visual and verbal allusions into a densely impacted image" (Cooke 50). One American sculptor who exhibited this particular influence in the 1980s was Walter Martin. Martin's works involved interplays between objects which resulted in visual jokes. For example, his Snail, snail, come out of your hole/or else I'll beat you black as a coal (1987) consists of an overturned piano propped against a pole, with a long rope attached to the pole. Beneath the precariously perched piano is a sheet of music. The image obviously duplicates that of a simple rabbit trap, except that Martin's structure is apparently designed to trap musicians instead of rabbits. Another sculpture by Walter Martin, Of bodies born up by water (1987), consists of a grandfather clock with its base partially "chopped down" as if by the axe of a lumberjack. Another American sculptor in the 1980s exhibiting a strong taste for visual metaphor was Brower Hatcher. Hatcher's Starman (1985-1988) possesses a bronze face which is crashing into a pile of imitation stone. From the back of the bronze face, a mesh of aluminum wire streams upward into the sky. Intertwined among

 

Some sculptors in the 1980s continued to create works in the minimalist style of the 1960s. For example, Richard Serra, who was active in the 1960s and continued to work throughout the 1980s, is a true minimalist in that he "has always limited the number and variety of sculptural elements that he uses" (Saunders 152). A report from the late 1980s showed that Serra was continuing to work in this minimalist vein. Thus, it was noted that "he works with large square and round steel bars; flat planes; planes formed into sections of cylinders, cones and spheres; planes increasing in thickness until they must be regarded as wedge-shaped masses; and forged, roughly right-angled steel blocks" (152-153). An example of Serra's minimalist sculpture can be seen in Olson (Double Tilted Curves) (1985-1986). This work is a huge elliptical enclosure, made up of two tall steel plates in the shape of parentheses (155). The two steel plates are extremely narrow (2 inches in depth), yet tall and long (10 feet by 36 feet) (153). Another interesting minimalist sculptor in the 1980s was the American Martin Puryear. His work, Timber's Turns (1987), is an abstract structure made of mahogany, cedar, and Douglas fir, which stands approximately seven feet high. Another notable minimalist work by Puryear is his Ampersand (1987-1988), two huge granite columns which were erected at the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden.

Higgins, Judith. "Britain's New 'New Generation.'" ARTnews 86 (Dec. 1987): 118-122.

Cooke, Lynne. "Between Image and Object: The 'New British Sculpture.'" A Quiet Revolution: British Sculpture Since 1965. Ed. Terry A. Neff. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1987. 34-53.

There were various other British sculptors in the 1980s whose work depended upon the influence of assemblage. These artists created "new objects from consumer and kitsch items and from nature's or manufacture's fragments" (Higgins 119). One such sculptor was Eric Bainbridge, whose Holemasters (19

 
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