Historians of Canada's Multi-ethnic Population
To understand the monumental significance ascribed to Laurier's defeat in the election of 1911 attention must be given to what preceded it. First, a brief overview of Laurier's own political ascendancy will be given. This will be followed by a brief charting of the political history of Canada post its confederation in 1867. Political analysts indicate that Laurier "lost because of fears created by two of his major decisions" (Careless 174). Laurier's naval policy and his interest in establishing reciprocal trade with the United States. Laurier's interest in establishing Canada's own navy as an ancillary to Great Britain caused rancor from both English-speaking and French-speaking Canadians. Henri Bourassa, a leader of the French-Canadian Nationalists, attacked Laurier's Naval Service Act of 1910. Bourassa attacked Laurier as "un vendu", as one who had sold out to the imperialists and betrayed his fellow Canadians. In attempting to forge a free trade agreement with the United States, Laurier experienced a major backlash from both Conservative and Liberal parties. Critics of the proposed trade agreement numbered among their fears, the possible annexation of Canada. In order to understand the political causes and repercussions of these issues more historical background must first be offered.

Wilfred Laurier was born in St. Lin, Quebec in the county of L'Assomption in 1841 (Wallace 395). Born near the foothills of the Laurentians, Laurier a

 

Berger, Carl. The Writing of Canadian History. Aspects of English-Canadian History Writing Since 1900. Toronto:

Laurier was a statesman who, upon the right issues, could hold firm when he so desired. Laurier was acutely aware that the Liberals was a somewhat raggedy union of disparate political factions. The Liberals were comprised of the anticlerical Rogues, the Reformers from Ontario and generally all those who originally had been opposed to confederation or wary of McDonald's integrity (Watkins 328). In attempting to preside over the Liberal party from 1887 to 1919, Laurier was extremely conscious of the need to appease all of these factions.

Careless, J. M. S. and R. Craig Brown, eds. The Canadians 1867-

Mandel, Eli and David Taras. A Passion for Identity. Toronto: Metheun, 1987.

Schull, Joseph. Laurier. The First Canadian. New York: St.

McInnis, Edgar. Canada: A Political and Social History. New York: Rinehart & Co., 1959.

McNaught, Kenneth William. The Penguin History of Canada. New

Laurier's contention as a Quebecois politician was that the survival of French Canada was best ensured by maintaining its individuality within federal Canada (Watkins 207). As a member of the Liberal party, Laurier attacked the "jingoism of the turn-of-the-century contemporaries" (Watkins 312). In an attempt to avoid the political fray of the early 20th century, Laurier declared in a parliament speech:

It would appear that one of the major reasons that Laurier lost his power base is that his own region, Quebec, turned against him. Ironically, it was the French who seemed so vehemently to protest against him. They disliked his willingness to edge too close to England. Any policy which seemed friendly to imperialist concerns seemed hostile to French-speaking Canadians' independence. Yet the irony doubles. For if the French were disturbed by his pro-British stance (or what they perceived it to be), a growing number of English-speaking

 
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    Joseph Schull | Minister Laurier | Reformers Ontario | Naval Bill | Canada Commonwealth | Institut Canadien | Canadians Laurier | United Laurier | English-speaking Canadians | Prime Minister | prime minister | free trade | trade agreement | levitt 53 | election 1911 | policy laurier | st martin's press | naval bill | martin's press | liberal party | york st | york st martin's | underhill berger 70 | canada's prime minister | leader conservative party |  
   
 
 
 
   
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