arren (47) notes, serve to individualize betrayal rather than treating it as a collective act on the part of existing Mayan factions. Another cultural reaction, resulting from the conflict, is to remain ambiguous about or otherwise trivialize the events that take place in their communities. While both sides have felt the effects of this division, it has been the impoverished Mayans and their culture that have experienced of it. Finally, I will discuss the situation in Brazil.Cultural Factors in BrazilIn Brazil, many culturally based Afro-Brazilian groups emerged in the face of racial hegemony, and each had limited yet vital effects. The majority of these groups served to heighten Afro-Brazilian culturalism, but the movimento negro was the only group with any political influence. There are many reasons for the lack of mobilization. In the case of the Americanista and Africanista groups, as Michael Hanchard (66) states, Both were spawned in intellectual environments where, for the most part, they remained.. With the Black Soul movement there was some political mobilization, but as Hanchard (73) exclaims, it was largely a culturalist and a musical phenomenon.. Another key factor, relating to ineffectiveness, was the high number of these organizations, leading to separation. I will now discuss the methods of data collection used by the authors of each article.Methods of Data CollectionWhile some of the authors in this volume have based their research upon library research alone, others have implemented methods which are more hands on. Aretxaga, Wood, and Warren have all supplanted their research with first person experience. Wood utilized the method of participant observation in combination with qualitative data and library research. Aretxaga and Warren both included first person accounts in their research.Of all the articles fashioned through library research, only one includes any quantitative data. The article constructed by...
