Jeffrey M. Riedinger uses a great deal of quantitative data. The articles authored by Denoeux and Hanchard, in contrast, are based solely upon library research. Ill conclude next with a discussion of the similarities and differences that I have observed in reading these articles.ConclusionThere are a number of common themes evident in these examples, including the effects of colonialism, and race-based oppression. Racism has played a role in Northern Ireland, Israel, South Africa, Guatemala and Brazil. The effects of colonialism can be seen in Northern Ireland and South Africa in a characteristically racial policy of conquest. If this is a proper representation of violence in the world, then obviously racism can be seen as a factor contributing to these conflicts.Religion, as well is a major theme of contention when violence breaks out. In countries such as Northern Ireland, Israel, Egypt, Iran, The Philippines, and Guatemala, religion is either a central carrier in cultural conflicts, or plays a major role. It is especially significant when politics and religion are closely related.Much dissimilarity exists in how cultures organize themselves in opposition to a dominant political power. While some become fragmented, others may effectively separate to produce the desired result. Still others form strong networks that create stability in opposition. In all cases, cultures seem to be compromised and at the hands of the elite or otherwise economically superior class....
