mith College a Doctor of Laws degree in 1910. Both Columbia and Smith also offered her positions on their faculty, which she declined, partly because of the responsibility she felt to remain with and look after the welfare of her parents (2). In 1929, after a teaching career spanning forty-two years, Calkins retired from Wellesley College with the title of Research Professor. She planned on devoting her retirement to writing and enjoying the companionship of her mother, but less than one year later she was dead, the victim of inoperable cancer (2).SELF-PSYCHOLOGYTwo underlying forms of psychology in vogue at the time were "atomistic psychology" and the "science of selves." Calkins was the first to "discover" the psychology of selves. She called it reconciliation between structural and functional psychology. Her first basic definition of her psychology is as follows: "All sciences deal with facts, and there are two great classes of facts-Selves and Facts-for-the-Selves. But the second of these great groups, the Facts-for-the-Selves, is again capable of an important division into internal and external facts. To the first class belong percepts, images, memories, thoughts, emotions and volitions, inner events as we may call them; to the second class belong the things and the events of the outside world, the physical facts, as we may name them... The physical sciences study these common and apparently independent or external facts; psychology as distinguished from them is the science of consciousness, the study of selves and the inner facts-for-selves (3).Calkins felt that her psychology could relate, if not directly but indirectly, within other current models of psychology. As Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis gained notoriety, she felt that self-psychology could interpret all the facts discovered by him. She wrote, "Self-psychology is finally at the core of every one of the psychoanalytic systems. Not only does the conscious ego pl...
