r, "untitled tyrant bloody-sceptered." ( IV.iii.104) The language in Act 1 that described Macbeth has changed from "noble" and "kind" to the diction of Act 4 which describes Macbeth as "black Macbeth" and "tyrant". The castle that Macbeth lives in, Dunsanine, is also indicate of darkness. Dunsanine is similar to the word dungeon, a dark and dirty place. In Act 4 Macbeth is an agent of disorder, he murders and consults witches, because of this he is described using dark imagery. Scotland under the rule of Macbeth is described as, "shrouded in darkness". Scotland in Act 4 has fallen off the "Chain of Being" and is now occupied with the forces of chaos and disorder; it is filled with "sighs, and groans, and shrieks, that rend the air." (IV.iii.168) Scotland is described by Macduff as, "O Nation Miserable" ( IV.iii.103). All these descriptions of Scotland portray the country as a place where the agents of darkness have shrouded the land. The agents of chaos and disorder were symbolized by darkness in Act 4. The witches were Described as, "dark as midnight"; Macbeth was described as, "devilish and dark"; and Scotland was described as "dying". The imagery of darkness also plays an important role in the character development. Macbeth in Act 1 was an agent of order and thus was described with words such as, "noble" and "loyal", but when Macbeth became an agent of disorder he was described with words such as, "dark" and "devilish". This character development is true for Scotland which in Act 1 was described as the land of light; but in Act 4, when it becomes the land of evil, it is described with ...
