N --* exemplified a society in which enlightened reason served the common good. D. France became the center for Enlightenment since its decadent absolutism and political and religious censorship seemed to prove the need for reform. E. Paris salons. F. Diderot's Encyclopedie. G. physiocrats: FRANCOIS QUESNAY --* land is the only source of wealth, and agriculture increases that wealth; therefore, the mercantilists were wrong to put so much importance on the accumulation of money. ADAM SMITH --* Wealth of Nations --* he challenged mercantilist doctrine as selfish and unnatural; the interdependence among nations; "Father of Modern Capitalism". H. Montesquieu --* The Spirit of the Laws -- admired the British government. -- separation of powers in the government. -- checks and balances. I. Rousseau --* The Social Contract -- "Father of Romanticism". -- he differed from the other pholosophes, esp. Locke: -- law is the expression of the "General Will." -- rejected science and reason; go with your feelings (inner conscience). -- "Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains!" J. Voltaire -- Candide -- champion of individual rights. -- "I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it!" -- leading advocate of Enlightened Despotism.III. Enlightened Despotism: A. Prussia: -- Frederick I (1714-1740) -- the "Seargent" King. -- Frederick II (1740-1786) B. Habsburg Austria...
