od, but corrupted by societyIdeas were established by Marquis de Condercet in Progress of the Human MindSalonBernard de Fontenelle popularized science and made it easy to understand Conversations on the Plurality of WorldsFontenelle brought science and religion into conflict (Catholics and Protestants scientists believed their work exhalted God) John Locke English thinker, rejected DescartesTabula Rasa theoryall ideas were from experienceGovt. social contractLife, liberty, propertyPeople are the powerConstitutional monarchy and defended the RevolutionJefferson Baron de Montesquieu French attorneyDifferent political theories for different timesEstablished separation of powersWrote The Persian Letters which criticized European customsWrote The Spirit of the Laws (1748) showed that governments were shaped by history.A strong upper class was necessary to prevent abuses: despotism could be avoided if power was shared: but he was not a democratAdmired the English systemGreatly influenced Franklin Voltaire French, Franois Marie Arouet.Imprisoned in the Bastille for being critical of the kingMoved to EnglandMadame du ChteletHad an affair with his nieceCandideEnlightened Despotism - best government was a good monarchHe continually challenged the ChurchDeism - God was a clockmaker who built the universe and then let it work. rejected fundamental doctrines of ChristianityMost philosophes hated religious tolerationDied a millionaire because of shrewd business investmentsHe was a reformer not a revolutionary The Encyclopedia Edited byd’Alembert andDiderot.Collection of enlightened knowledgeInitially banned by the governmentNot every article was original but the overall effect was revolutionary Jean-Jacques Rousseau Swiss, brilliant but neuroticPeople are goodNatural education EmileSocial Contract based on two concepts: the general will and popular sovereignty"All men are born free . . ." Law and Order Critics of the old legal systemDenounced t...
