rassed the Portuguese territories in Angola in hopes of gaining new African territory. The Dutch also gained help form the king of Kongo who welcomed them after the treatment they had received from the Portuguese. In 1641, the Dutch captures Luanda which forced the Portuguese governor to flee. The Dutch soon cut off the supply of slaves to Brazil in order to weaken their economy. Then four years later, in 1648, the Dutch surrendered to the Brazilians and Angola and other African colonies eventually became Brazil territory.With Brazil's returning rule in Angola, the slave trade rapidly increased due to the growing need for workers in the sugar fields (July 156-157). "Slaves were obtained by agents, called pombeiros, who roamed the interior, generally following established routes along the rivers. They bought slaves, called pecas (pieces), from local chiefs in exchange for commodities such as cloth and wine" (Collelo 15). It is estimated that four million slaves were exported from Angola alone, with only half this number actually surviving the trip to the New World (Collelo 15). Finally, in 1836, the government in Lisbon abolished the slave trade in Portuguese territory, but Angola reacted so violently that it took another decade before action was actually taken to permit slavetraffiking (July 483). "The abolition of the slave trade coincided with increased Portuguese expansion in Angola" (Collelo 17). As expansion began, the cost was high to secure the newly acquired territories with military soldiers. The Africans were forced to foot the bill for these military operations with an increase in their hut tax, which now had to be paid with money or goods rather than with slaves (Bender 46). As a result, Africans either refused to pay or fled from the areas controlled by the Portuguese. Therefore, by the end of 1861, the Portuguese did not have the resources to continue expansion and the interior remained in the control of Afric...
