as ships. Attemptingto break free, Antony lost the battle but he and Cleopatra managed to flee the battle earlyand went to Egypt.The next year Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide and Octavian annexedEgypt as a province. Octavian was now in command of the entire Roman Empire.Octavian knew that he needed to reform the government because the old way was notworking any longer. He managed to give land to 100,000 veterans and paid the originallandowners Egyptian money. He also formed a permanent army and navy which sworeallegiance to him. Octavian elected himself consul, but in 27 BC offered to lay down hispowers, but the Senate disapproved and urged him to continue. They awarded him thetitle of Augustus, which means Exalted or Majestic One. From then on he was referred toas Augustus Caesar. Augustus also became the tribune and received power for life andbecame the protector of the Roman people. His backbone of his power was his army buthe didnt keep the majority of his army in Italy though for fear that generals and senatorsmay ally and stage a revolt. Augustus had 28 legions totaling approximately 400,000 menwhich he placed around the borders to keep barbaric warriors from entering. In following years Augustus received many significant privileges and honors. Hebrought about many changes in Rome. Latin literature achieved its highest level ofexcellence with the help of Augustus promoting higher learning and patronizing of thearts. The term Augustan Age, was used to describe periods of great literary achievementin modern nations, this shows us that Augustus had a profound impact on the worldshistory of learning. Augustus knew the importance of learning, so in an effort to bringback the moral standards of the past, Augustus established a code of laws and socialprograms. The laws restored the family unit, which gave power to the head male. Theselaws included such things as, encouraging marriage and child bearing and penaltiesoccurred if peop...
