onal Education. They all agreed that international educational exchange would serve as the foundation for fostering such understanding. In 1920s IIE started organized student, faculty and teacher exchanges with many European countries. IIE President Stephen Duggan persuaded the government to bypass the visa quotas set in the Immigration Act of 1921 by creating nonimmigrant student visas. This led to the creation of study abroad programs in several universities including Marymount College, which, in 1924, became the first womens college to launch such a program.World War II and the SurplusWorld War II was a devastating experience for everyone around the world and once again proved how costly one nations ignorance and hate towards another ethnic group could be for everyone whether they participated in the war or not. Despite being distant from the core of the conflict, the United States was not spared from the tragedy. Millions of soldiers were shipped overseas fighting in several fronts in Europe and the Pacific. When the war ended, it was clear that everybody had lost. As an industrial army, U.S. had sent millions of pieces of equipment overseas, including trucks, tractors, railroad lines, boats, telephones and even field hospitals. When the war was over it was clear to several U.S. leaders that gathering up nearly 4 million pieces of equipment from all the fronts and deciding what to do with was going to be a significant challenge (Coffin, 1996).Senator Fulbright was alerted by another senator about the mess the surplus war equipment created for the U.S. government. His past experience as a Rhodes Scholar and knowledge about a little known incident in history initiated his efforts to start the Fulbright Program. In a letter to Dr. Frank Aydelotte in 1955, he later stated:"My experience as a Rhodes scholar was the dominant influence in the creation of the Fulbright awards. . . . That experience, together with the devastation of the Seco...
