mmad II attacked it successfully. The fall of Constantinople is regarded as a great landmark in world history, as it marked the beginning of the modern times. In India the medieval period extended from the death of Harsha in 647 AD, to the Mughal invasion in 1526 AD. It was a period of transition that witnessed the rise of several states. The Rajputs played an important role in North India, until the Muslim invasion. The Arabs were the first Muslims to come to India. Three centuries after the Arab invasion, the Turks established their power in India. The Muslim dynasties ruling India, during the medieval period, with Delhi as their capital, were the Slave, the Khilji, the Tughlak, the Sayyid and Lodi. The two kingdoms that rose to power in the south were the Hindu kingdom of Vijaynagar, established in 1336, and the Bahmani kingdom of the Muslims, established in 1347. Babar, a descendant of Timur (a great leader of the Mongol-Tartar hordes), became the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. 1.6 Dates & Events 5000 BC - Development of Civilizations begin in the Nile river valley. Sumerians establish their first agricultural settlements in the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. 4500 BC - Metal Works begin in both Egypt and Sumer. 4000-3500 BC - Sumer : First towns are established. 3760 BC - Early use of bronze is recorded in Egypt and Sumer. 3500 BC - Two kingdoms of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt flourish side by side. The earliest known numerals and Hieroglyphic script are invented. Development of the Mastaba, a burial pit covered by a brick platform. It was the forerunner of the pyramid. 3200 BC - Sumerians begin to develop cuneiform writing, the oldest writing system. 2690 BC - Indus valley civilization 2630 BC - Step Pyramid in Egypt. 2600 BC - Papyrus used in Egypt. Before this the Egyptians wrote on stone 2575 - 2134 BC - The Old Kingdom. 2551 BC - Khufu becomes Pharoah and builds the Great Pyramid at Giza. 1500 BC - End of Ind...
