and Christianity are based. Indus Valley Prior to the arrival of the Aryans in the Indian sub-continent, there a highly civilized society of the Dasyus had been existing. The history of the Aryans is chronicled in the four Vedas: Rig Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sama Veda and the Atharva Veda. The Aryan period was followed by a number of important dynasties and India reached the height of glory in the Gupta Age, also known as the Golden Age. China An important dynasty of ancient China is the Chou dynasty which brought forward two important philosophers: Confucius and Lao-Tze. They gave Confucianism and Taoism respectively. The Chinese civilization can be credited with the art of making paper and silk-weaving, and the invention of ink, gun-powder and the mariner’s compass. Greece This formed the foundation of European culture. It presented the world with the modern alphabet, the concepts of democracy and philosophy as well as the most important philosophers like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Rome Not only did they preserve the Greek heritage against the Barbarians, they also contributed in the field of administration in an important way. Emperor Constantine made Christianity one of the official languages of the Roman Empire. The Dark Age It lasted through the fourth to the eleventh centuries with the barbarians invading and destroying the Roman Empire completely. Such kings as Charlemagne and Constantinople formed the saving grace of civilization at this time of barbarism. At the same time, Islam was becoming a dominant religious influence spreading from the Arab land. Medieval Age Medieval Europe was characterized by a number of important concepts: nationalism, feudalism, progress in Science, new styles of art and architecture, vernacular literature. It recorded the first signs of modernism. Medieval Asia the invasion of the Mongols on Europe and Asia served to provide a Chinese influence on these cultures. With the Turks...
