ght of as intelligent but Socrates was convinced they knew very little about human behavior. After the loss of the Peloponnesian War in 399 BC, Athens decided they could no longer tolerate or accept Socrates philosophy and sentenced him to death. Because he respected the polis’ laws he did not escape and accepted his fate. 6)Darius III of Persia- Darius III was a new king for Persia when Alexander the Great planned to invade in 333 BC. Darius had a huge army and navy and was prepared to use them, but he was an inexperienced leader and his army was forced to flee several battles against Alexander the Great. Due to the loss of the battles Persian nobles killed Darius and proclaimed Bessus, one of his relatives, his successor. 7)Babylon- Alexander the Great was the king who ruled Babylon during Hellenistic Greece around 330 BC. He had an army that forced the Persian line to brake and flee. 8)Senate- (Late Rome Republic-123 BC) When the Senate was originated in Rome it had no formal executive or legislative authority, but it quickly became very influential. Although one family monopolized the Roman Empire, the kingship was technically elective. The Roman Senate had to approve a candidate for the throne. Only the richest of the rich can be elected to the senate. When and if an emergency happened then the senate could elect a dictator who has complete control.9)Phillip II- Phillip II, King of Macedonia from 359 to 336 BC, conquered Greece. He had spent several years as a hostage in Thebes where he learned many about politics and warfare. All this training and his natural talent made him one of the best kings of Macedonia. He used his wealth to elevate the culture, find new cities, win friends abroad, and turn his army into one of the best.10)Consul- Roman Republic- Although the consuls were not kings they had the duties of former kings; they led the army, oversaw the state religion, and sat as judges. They could execute citizens who wer...
