of 4.15 K. (2) Then in 1986, J. Gregore Bednorz and K. Alex Muller discovered that an oxide of lanthanum, barium, and copper becomes superconductive at 30 K. This discovery shocked the world and stimulated scientists to find even more "High-Temperature Superconductors". After this discovery in1987, scientists at the University of Houston and the University of Alabama worked together and discovered YBCO. YBCO is a compound with a Tc of 95 K. This discovery made superconductivity possible above the boiling point of liquid Nitrogen. This meant that the now relatively cheap, liquid nitrogen could replace the high priced liquid helium required for cryogenic experiments. To date the highest reported Tc is 125 K, which belongs to a compound made of Thallium, Barium, Calcium, Copper, and Oxygen. Now, with the availability of high-temperature superconductors, all the sciences, including cryogenics, have made extraordinary advances. Magnetically levitated trains, energy storage, motors, and Zero-Loss Transmission Lines demonstrate some applications. Also, superconducting electromagnets are used in Particle Accelerators, Fusion Energy Plants, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging devices (MRI's) in Hospitals. Furthermore high-speed cryogenic computer memories and communication devices are in various stages of research. This field has grown immensely since 1986, and has continued to advance. The second subject related to cryogenics is Superfluity. Superfluity is a strange state of matter that is most common in liquid Helium, when it is below a temperature of 2.17 K. Superfluity means that the liquid discloses no viscosity when traveling through a capillary or narrow slit, and also flows through the slit disclosing no friction. (1) That this means is that when Helium reaches this state it has the ability to flow without any friction through the smallest holes, and in between atoms in a compound. If the top is off a beaker it is also possible ...
