for the liquid Helium to flow up the side and out of the beaker until all the liquid helium is gone. It was discovered that when any liquid approaches about .2 K it has almost the exact same properties of superconducting metals, as far as specific heat, magnetic properties, and thermal conductivity. Even though both Superconducting and Superfluidic materials have similar properties, the phenomenon of Superfluity is much more complex, and is not yet completely understood by today's physicists. (2) Cryogenics also consists of many smaller sciences including Cryobiology. Cryobiology is the study of the effects of low-temperatures on materials of biological origin. (4) Developments in this field have led to modern methods of preserving blood, semen, tissue, and organs below the temperature that was obtained by the use of liquid nitrogen. Also, Cryobiology has led to the development of the cryogenic scalpel, which can deaden or destroy tissue with a high degree of accuracy, making it possible to clot cuts as soon as you cut them. So in theory, you could one day have surgery without having to deal with any blood. As you can see cryogenics is still a very young science, but in the last ten years it has catapulted to being the backbone of almost every other form of science. Although unfortunately its full potential will probably not be understood for quite some time. Once we can grasp the concepts of cryogenics we will have a tool that will allow us to do things ranging from making better surgical tools to exploring the universe. The future of cryogenics can best be summed up by Krafft A. Ehricke, a rocket developer, when he said, "Its central goal is the preservation of civilization."...
