ial exercise challenge 40 minutes to 3 hours before competition, based on the individual’s known refractory length. This allows him or her to perform at a higher level with decreased or absent symptoms of EIA. Lastly, physical conditioning is an important aspect of prevention of EIA in that an individual in better shape does not undergo such an abrupt change in respirations and bronchial obstruction (Enright, 1996; Randolph, 1997; Smith & LaBotz, 1998; Spector, 1993; Tan & Spector, 1998). General guidelines for decreasing symptoms of EIA are to warm up before the actual exercise challenge, cover the mouth and nose in cold weather, exercise in warm, humidified environments whenever possible, and warm down or gradually decrease the intensity of exercise (Enright, 1996; Randolph, 1997; Smith & LaBotz, 1998; Spector, 1993; Tan & Spector, 1998). In conclusion, EIA is a condition in which exercise induces bronchoconstriction, which causes difficulty breathing. EIA is found in athletes, children, adults and recreational individuals. The exact causes of EIA are unknown, but there are two theories as to its pathophysiology, which involve water or heat loss through the bronchial epithelium. Prevention and management of EIA can be achieved through pharmacological or nonpharmacological means. Bronchodilators are the most common form of pharmacological treatment, along with antiinflammatories. Education, proper conditioning, climate conditions, activity selection, and refractory period considerations are all important aspects of nonpharmacological management of EIA. With all of these considerations, and early recognition and treatment, an individual should be able to perform at a maximum competitive level with minimal or no symptoms. Famous athletes such as Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Dennis Rodman, and the Ohio bobcats free safety, Duffer Duffy, all perform at different levels of competition with EIA. ...
