ODIUMPipracilFunc. class.: Broad-spectrum antibioticChem. class.: Extended-spectrum penicillinAction: Interferes with cell wall replication of susceptible organisms; osmotically unstable cell wall swells and bursts from osmotic pressureUses: Respiratory, skin, urinary tract, bone infections; gonorrhea; pneumonia; effective for gram-positive cocci (S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. viridans, S. faecalis, S. bovis, S. pneumoniae), gram-negative cocci (N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis), gram-positive bacilli, C. perfringens, C. tetani, gram-negative bacilli (Bacteroides, F. nucleatum, E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis, M. morganii, P. vulgaris, P. rehgesii, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, P. aeruginosa, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium)Dosage and routes:Systemic infections•Adult and child *12 yr: IM/IV 100-300 mg/kg/day in divided doses q4-6hProphylaxis of surgical infections •Adult: IV 2g -1 hr before procedure; may be repeated during surgery or after surgeryAvailable forms: Inj IM, IV 2, 3, 4, 40 g; IV INF 2, 3, 4 gSide effects/adverse reactions:HEMA: Anemia, increased bleeding time, bone marrow depressionGI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased AST, ALT, abdominal pain, glossitis, colitisGU: Oliguria, proteinuria, hematuria, vaginitis, moniliasis, glomerulonephritisCNS: Lethargy, hallucinations, anxiety, depression, twitching, coma, convulsionsMETA: Hypokalemia, hypernatremiaContraindications: Hypersensitivity to penicillins; neonatesPrecautions: Pregnancy (B); hypersensitivity to cephalosporins; CHFPharmacokinetics:IM:Peak 30-50 minIV:Peak 20-30 minHalf-life 0.7-1.33 hr; excreted in urine, bile, breast milk; crosses placentaInteractions/incompatibilities:•Decreased antimicrobial effect of piperacillin: tetracyclines, erythromycins, aminoglycosides IV•Increased piperacillin concentrations: aspirin, probenecid•Incompatible in sol with aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, chloramphenicol,...
