begin in octaves and play a pentatonic arch which is expanded before a powerfully orchestrated theme begins. Low strings play ostinato. Timbre Concertino: Violin, flute, harpsichord. Ripieno: Strings, continuo. Piano soloist and modest classical orchestra. Use of clarinets instead of oboes although originally . Main instruments in triplets, eg. Flutes/piccolo, oboes/ English horn, bassoons, trumpets. Use of percussion, strings, winds, brass. Contrasts of Elements between:Beethovens Emperor Concerto and Bachs Brandenburg Concerto 4 Beethoven: Emperor Concerto Bach: Brandenburg Concerto 4 Melody Simple, fairly short, several themes incorporated. Scalic passages. Short melodic lines. Melody not most important. Harmony Diatonic chords: tonics, subdominants etc. Harpsichord plays chords and a supportive basso continuo. Rhythm Clear cut, fragments of syncopation. Pulsing, very regular and straight. Dynamics Great contrasts of loud and soft, use of crescendo and diminuendo, echo effects. Terraced dynamics. Structure Concerto, sonata form. Call and answer within melody. Scalic passages linking solo and tutti sections. Ritornello: Concertino/Ripieno, fairly short movements. Style Classical concerto, with romantic feel. Baroque. No introduction. Concerto grosso, ritornello form. Tempo Fairly fast and urgent through entire piece. A crotchet = 120. Allegro is constant throughout piece. A crotchet = 200. Texture Homophonic (classical style). Polyphonic (later baroque style). Timbre Virtuostic piano solo set against full orchestra. Also trumpet solo. Long periods of just solo instrument. Harpsichords, recorders, bass viol, baroque orchestra, more solo violin. Biographical Outlines of:Bach Mozart Bartok Bach(b.1685-d.1750) Johann Sebastian Bach was a German organist and composer of the baroque era, one of the greatest and most productive geniuses in the history of Western music. In 1700 Bach began to earn his own living as a chorister at the Church...
