words, #’s or images to which a person has attached meaning Children shoe symbolic function through deferred imitation, pretend play, and language7-11 Concrete Operational- Schemes based in logic, ability to perform mental operations, have external object present mustHave understanding of spatial concepts map or modelCausality: cause and effectCategorization: seriation, transitive inference, class inclusion, inductive & deductive reasoningConservation: identical clay balls can be shaped different child will know there same sizeNumber: count in there head, add, solve story problems11-15 Formal Operations Schemes abstract mental structures, thinking logical, flexibility of thought Theory of MIND- children become more aware of mental activity and the functioning of the mind.Sara wants to save cookies for herself so she hides them from her brother in the toiletKnowledge about thinking-know about thinking, but unaware when it occurs & what people are thinking aboutFantasy vs. Reality happens between 18m - 3yrsFalse Beliefs & Deception-realization that people hold mental representations of reality that can be wrong. 4-5yrs D effort to plant false beliefs in someone, requires child to suppress impulse to be truthful differentiate lie and mistakeAppearance vs. Reality-require child to refer to 2 conflicting images (milk white or green)Language Development- vocab. Increases rapidly through fast mapping (absorbing meaning after hearing it once). More competent in pragmatics as engage in social speech. Private speech thought to help integrate language with thought. Intelligence testing-scores influenced by influenced by social & emotional functioningStanford-Binet Intelligence Scale-measures memory, spatial orientation and practical judgmentWechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence-3-7yrs yields verbal and performance scores/combinedTest based on Vygotsky’s approach focus on potential than achievement ZPD when combined wi...
