y type of gratitude. Instead, they were the victims of violence. For example, of the seventy-five Blacks lynched in 1919, ten were World War I veterans. The disappointment that World War I left on the Black community served as fuel for the fire Garveys radical movement.Soon after World War I, Garvey concluded that the anger that engulfed many Black communities after the war could be used as a catalyst to end both imperialism in Africa and discrimination in the United States. He combined the economic nationalist ideas of Booker T. Washington with various Pan-Africanist idealists of the time. Garveys goals were modern and urban. He wanted to end imperialist rule and create modern societies in Africa. He formed black communities on three continents with his newspaper the Negro World , and in 1919 he established the Black Star Line, an international shipping company to provided transportation and encourage trade among the Blacks in Africa and Blacks in the United States. In the same year he founded the Negro Factories Corporation to establish such businesses. In 1920 Garvey, presided over the first of several international conventions of the UNIA. He sought to direct the new black militancy into the UNIA, for he thought this was a good way for the group to overcome class and national divisions.Although local UNIA chapters provided many social and economic benefits for their members, Garveys primary efforts failed: the Black Star Line went of business in 1922 and his other enterprises eventually suffered the same fate. Furthermore, his success earned him many enemies, and his stay in America was relatively short. Many Black leaders were suspicious about his rhetoric and his motives. In addition, his plan for reparations of Blacks to Liberia failed when the country withdrew its support, fearing a Garvey takeover. Garveys verbal talents attracted thousands but his faltering projects only generated ideological and personality confl...
