icts. In the end, he could neither unite Blacks nor accumulate enough power to significantly change the societies in which the UNIA functioned in. Graveys criticism of the federal and New York State governments led to charges of mail fraud in 1923. Convicted in 1925, he was sentenced to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta but was released two years later and was deported back to Jamaica. Unable to resurrect the UNIA, Garvey moved to London, where he died in 1940.Garveys movement was the first attempt by a person of African descent to conjoin economic empowerment with mass organization. Although most leaders that came after Garvey did not try to create Black economic institutions as he had, Garvey had demonstrated to them that the urban masses were a potentially powerful force in the struggle for Black freedom....
