zed professions knowledge is crucial). IMPACT OF UNIONIZATION- ''Monopoly power'' perspective: unions push wages higher than productivity warrants, at the same time widening disparities between advantaged and disadvantaged groups.- ''Collective violence'' perspective: regards union wage premiums as reasonable social reimbursements for the savings that unions generate in terms of proved governance and social control. Also viewed as equalizing agents.-Unions emphasize seniority-based rewards, and collective bargaining often arises in work settings where it is difficult to discern the relationships between worker characteristics and rewards. IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS-Good jobs are concentrated in ''core'' or monopolistic firms and industries. Explained by: technical mix; level of union and management interests in employment stability; ability to absorb higher labor costs due to market structure and demand schedules; growth, concentration, and change in organization forms; differences in the quantity and quality of managerial activity; and economic and political relationships with the state and foreign markets. ORGANIZATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN MATCHING WORKERS TO JOBS - HOW CAREER DYNAMICS DEPEND ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL SETTING Models of Employer Decision-Making-Human Capital: workers possess vocational aspirations, which are treated as exogenous, and invest in human capital so as to maximize their utility and earnings, subject to various constraints (e.g. innate ability). Firm's labor needs are determined by its technology (capital-labor ratio) and product demand. -marxian idea that ''control imperative'' shapes employment relations-Contemporary models reject the underlying assumptions that both the worker and the firm have perfect information and pursue a maximizing strategy in their personnel decisions.-Organizations face greatest uncertainty in evaluating employee potential early n their careers.-How do employers cope with this d...
