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organic chemistry

.Eg methyl heptane structural isomers are compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures( arrangement)Eg. 2 methyl heptane3 methyl heptane short form to show the presence of two groups when there is more than one branch off of a carbon backbone 2,4 dimethylheptane23.7 AlkenesCracking- the process used to produce organic molecules containing double- bonded carbon atomsAlkenes series- consists of straight- or branched-chained hydrocarbons containing, at least one double carbon carbon bondGeneral formula: Cn H2nNote: the name of each alkene is similar to the alkane having the same number of carbon atoms, however the ending of the name is changed from ane to ene since the location of the double bond will influence the chemical behavior of the alkene, its position needs to be identified.Eg. 2 pentene Alkenes are more reactive than the corresponding alkanes Ethene, C2 H4 is the simplest alkene: Commonly known as ethylene Has a slightly sweet odor Produced by certain plants or chemically [reduced One of the most important organic compounds in the chemical industry23.8 Alkynes Contain a triple carbon-carbon bond  Reactive Little energy is required to break one bond of a triple carbon-carbon bondGeneral formula: Cn H2n-2 Named by replacing the ane ending of the parent alkane with the ending yene Location o the triple bond affects the properties of the compound So it is identified by assigning it the lowest number of the carbon involved in the bond Procedure for naming is same as other series Simplest and most common ethyne C2H2, more commonly known as acetylene Important industrial hydrocarbon used in oxyacetylene torches for cutting and welding steel23.9 Cycoalalkanes Saturated hydrocarbon in form of a ring, including rings made of three, four, five or more car...

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