.Eg methyl heptane structural isomers are compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures( arrangement)Eg. 2 methyl heptane3 methyl heptane short form to show the presence of two groups when there is more than one branch off of a carbon backbone 2,4 dimethylheptane23.7 AlkenesCracking- the process used to produce organic molecules containing double- bonded carbon atomsAlkenes series- consists of straight- or branched-chained hydrocarbons containing, at least one double carbon carbon bondGeneral formula: Cn H2nNote: the name of each alkene is similar to the alkane having the same number of carbon atoms, however the ending of the name is changed from ane to ene since the location of the double bond will influence the chemical behavior of the alkene, its position needs to be identified.Eg. 2 pentene Alkenes are more reactive than the corresponding alkanes Ethene, C2 H4 is the simplest alkene: Commonly known as ethylene Has a slightly sweet odor Produced by certain plants or chemically [reduced One of the most important organic compounds in the chemical industry23.8 Alkynes Contain a triple carbon-carbon bond Reactive Little energy is required to break one bond of a triple carbon-carbon bondGeneral formula: Cn H2n-2 Named by replacing the ane ending of the parent alkane with the ending yene Location o the triple bond affects the properties of the compound So it is identified by assigning it the lowest number of the carbon involved in the bond Procedure for naming is same as other series Simplest and most common ethyne C2H2, more commonly known as acetylene Important industrial hydrocarbon used in oxyacetylene torches for cutting and welding steel23.9 Cycoalalkanes Saturated hydrocarbon in form of a ring, including rings made of three, four, five or more car...