bon atoms Named by using the prefix cyclo in front of the appropriate alkane name Eg C5H10Cyclopentane these compounds are often represented by the geometric shape of the basic ring only:cyclopentenecyclohexene three and four carbon ring structures tend to be less stable then their straight chain counterparts because there is a strain put on the bond angles unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons are more reactive than their saturated or straight counterparts and some are unstable23.10 Aromatic hydrocarbons most aromatic hydrocarbons have distinct fragrances Benzene (C6H6): simplest of aromatics. All of these compounds have a basic structure of one or more rings made of six carbon atoms carbon-carbon bond in benzene is unusual, somewhere in between single and double bonds electrons are shared equally around the ring, said to be delocalized because they are not associated with any one carbon atom Benzene ring is commonly drawn as follows: the circle represents delocalized electrons of double bonds serves as a reminder that the carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are different from single or double bonds23.11 extension: refining Petroleum before automobiles, refining occurred mostly to obtain kerosene or lamp oil, and some fuel oils new methods were developed to refine petroleum in order to get more and better quality gasoline Petroleum, in the form of crude oil,is a mixture of hydrocarbons that must be separated before being put to use. The main components are alkanes and cycoalkanes Fractional distillation separates petroleum into groups of products whose condensation temperature fall into a specific range Long chain alkanes are then subject to cracking in order to make better quality gasoline and important alkenes like ethene23.12 Fractional Groups the characteristics of organic molecules depend on thei...
