r composition and their arrangment of atoms any atom, group of atoms is organization of bonds that determines specific properties of a molecule are known as a functional group. it is possible for a molecule to have more than one functional group. In each structural formula, R- represents the rest of the molecule to which the structural group is attached R may be a single carbon or a large hydrocarbon portion of the molecule General characteristics and uses of groups:Alcohol Contain functional group OH, known as hydroxyl group, involved in hydrogen bonding( ol replaces e ending Can have more than one hydroxyl group attached to alcohol moleculesEthene Have an oxygen atom bonded with two hydrocarbon portions of the molecule Non polar, no hydrogen bonding, low boiling points Highly flammable, good solventAldihydes and keytones both contain carbonyl function al groups: chemical formula for aldehydes: RCHO chemical formula for ketone: RCOR Aldehydes are named by replacing the e ending to al Ketones are named by replacing the e ending with oneOrganic Acids(carboxylic acids) Contain carboxly functional group COOHm which makes the molecules ploar Weak acids due to the dissociation of the hydrogen atom from the carboxyl group Named by the replacing e ending of the parent alkane with oic acidEg. Ethanoic(acetic) acid vinegarEsters Produced from a reaction between organic acids and alcohols Esterificationsreversible dehydration reaction in which alcohol loses a hydrogen atom and the acid loses the OH part of its carboxyl group water is a by-product posess distinctive aromas and flavorsAmines organic compounds closely related to ammonia amidesproduced when an amino or ammonia is treated with an organic acid important group of biologi...
