s context, the adoption of new goals by an organization; also known as goal replacement.Ideas that you should know and understandYou should know the characteristics of a bureaucracy as well as the dysfunctions of a bureaucracy.You should know what is meant by the McDonaldization of society and be able to identify it as it exists in your social world.Read and understand the perspectives box on page 194 of your text. Cultural Diversity Around the World.People that you should know:Max WeberKarl MarxChapter 8Ideas and terms from LectureSocial Construction/Relativity of Deviance: Piercing ExerciseDeviance TheoriesBiological Theories of deviance: Underlying Assumption: Deviance is the result of genetic predispositions to commit deviant acts 1. Deviant individuals are less intelligent2. The “XYZ” theory: an extra Y chromosome in males leads to crime.3. The Body Type theory: people with square, muscular body builds are more likely to commit street crimes.Psychological Theories of deviance: Underlying Assumption: deviance is the result of a personality disorder within the individual 1. SociopathSociological Theories of devianceA. Structural Functionalist Theory: Underlying Assumption: Deviance performs both functions and dysfunctions for society1. Dysfunctionalist: deviance represents dysfunction and leads to disequilibrium (imbalance) within the social system and must be minimized or eliminated.2. Functionalist (Durkheim)-deviance serves three functions for societya. deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms normsb. it promotes social unityc. it promotes social changeB. Structural FunctionalistRobert Merton’s Strain Theory of DevianceIndividual ResponseCultural GoalsLegitimacy of Means ConformityacceptacceptInnovationacceptrejectRitualismrejectacceptRetreatismrejectrejectRebellionreject/substitutereject/substituteC. Structural FunctionalistIllegitimate Opportunity Theory: Underlying Assumption: not everyone has equal ac...
