e) [14]. Maximal Oxygen Uptake (liters per minute) is predominately a function of cardiac output. Improvement in VO2 max (maximal oxygen uptake) depends on age and type of training. There is a limited opportunity to improve aerobic capacity, approximately 10-20% improvement has been noted. Therefore, maximal oxygen uptake has a "central limitation"[10]. Analogously, oxygen consumption can be related to how much gas consumed per kilometer in order to maintain a certain speed. The more oxygen that can be delivered to the working muscles, the greater the energy supply needed, so that the body can travel for a determined distance. Exercise science has determined that you achieve specific training adaptations by exercising at various intensities or percent-ages of VO2 max. Oxygen uptake capacity is measured directly. In essence there are three major factors determining maximal oxygen consumption: Cardiac output, The oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, and the amount of muscle and the ability of muscle to utilize supplied oxygen [8].Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of arteries. In fact, each time the heartbeats, it pumps out blood into the arteries. Blood pressure is greatest when the heart contracts and is pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When the heart is at rest (in between beats), blood pressure levels drop. This is the diastolic pressure. Blood pressure is always given as these two numbers, systolic over diastolic pressures. Usually they are written one above or before the other, such as 120/80-mm. Different actions make your blood pressure go up or down. Studies indicate that regular exercise helps keep arteries elastic keeping blood flowing and blood pressure low. Sedentary people have a 35% greater risk of developing hypertension than athletes do. Studies have shown that high-intensity exercise may not lower blood pressure as effectively as moderate intensity exercise [9]. In o...
