;s is used to broadcast to everyone within the same group.The easiest and fastest way to determine the number of valid Hosts, Networks, or Subnets, is to count the number of bits (single space digits in Binary) in that ID, figure out the largest possible number (remembering not to use all 1’s) and translate that back to decimal. For example: an address with 5 bits dedicated to the Host ID (11110) would have 30 different possible Hosts. This method works to calculate the number of Networks or Subnets as well.The reverse of this can also be used to calculate how many bits are required for a particular number of Hosts or Subnets. For example: if we had a network that required 50 Hosts, you would determine the number of bits necessary to accommodate the required Hosts. The Binary number of 50 is 110010. 6 bits are required, which means that in reality we would have 62 Hosts (111110 = 62), however if we had tried to use only 5 bits instead of 6 we would end up with 30 Hosts per Subnet. (11110 = 30)Subnetting is used to break a class network into a number of smaller groups of Hosts called a Subnet. For example: a Class "B" network by default has 65,534 Hosts (16 spaces 1111111111111110.) we can break a standard Class "B" network into 30 Subnets each containing 2046 Hosts. 207.119.87.43 = IP Address255.255.248.0 = Subnet Mask11111111.11111111 11111 000.00000000 Network SubnetHost5 spaces (11110) = 30 Subnets11 spaces (11111111110) = 2046 HostsThe Network ID is covered by the default Subnet Mask for the Class address. The Subnet ID is covered by the remaining 1’s in the Subnet Mask. The Host ID is covered by the 0’s in the Subnet Mask. A network can be subnetted across more then one octet. We could take a Class "A" address and use it to create a group of Subnets each containing 1022 hosts.11111111 11111111.111111 00.00000000 NetworkSubnetHost112.107.141.176 = Class "A" address 255.255.252.0 = Subnet Mask after Subn...
