g for her master, husband. '"A necessary object, woman, who is needed to preserve the species or to provide food and drink"' (Plumwood, 1993 p. 17). Economists measuring the standard of living do not include domestic work in GDP (Birkeland, 1993 p. 33). Yet, women's domestic work provides for the family’s basic needs and welfare. The woman prepares food, takes care of the children and the elderly. In much of Africa it is women who engage in subsistence agriculture; producing food for family supply, while the men occupy themselves in production of cash crops, which they export to generate profit. The economic “development” in the Third World encourages producing more farm produce for market, not for household. The meaning of agriculture has been transformed. Its primary function of survival economy (to support life) has been transformed to market economy (to create profit). Through history, women engaged in sustainable, self-renewable agriculture. Women did not use sophisticated technology; their agriculture was based on working on small scale (to provide for family or local community), carrying for fields, providing fields with green maneuver, compost. They did not try to conquer and exploit the natural world but cooperated in order to survive. Their agricultural practices were environmentally sustainable; they produced life not death. As men replaced women, agriculture became mechanized and aimed at profit. Farms turned into industries of food production. The Green Revolution and Agri-business companies are the results of men efforts to increase "efficiency", to increase production in order to accumulate more profit. The results of agricultural production for the market are disastrous. Men’s agriculture exploits nature. The Green Revolution was based on mechanization, the use of more chemical pesticides and fertilizers, characterized by monoculture fields, high nutrient uptake and low return, high water demand a...
