nd low conservation. Green revolution is rooted in a patriarchal fabrication of reality and it resulted in production of death, not life; it increased soil and nutrient loss, waterlogging, salinization, drought, and desertification. Economic “development” is based on commercialization of resources. Resources are used for commodity production. Development, according to Vandana Shiva (1988), is a process of wealth creation for the western patriarchy. “The patriarchy’s economic vision is based on exploitation and exclusion of women (of the west and non-west), on the exploitation and degradation of nature, and on the exploitation and erosion of non-western cultures.” The western economic growth, the process of creating one global economy is a new form of western colonialism. Nature, women, and non-western societies do not benefit from “development" (supposedly a project for removal of poverty and leveling of socioeconomic inequalities, based on class, ethnicity, and gender). Exploited Third World’s women and tribes fight for liberation from the imposed economic “development”. They recognize it as a process of exploitation, inequality, injustice, and violence The hypocritical dominant image of development that persists is the “progress for all”. In contrast, it created new forms of deprivation, dispossession, and poverty. “Development” did not improve women’s social and economic position but rather worsen it. Women are excluded from participation in the “development” which, is ecologically destructive; it threatens the bases for survival itself. Shiva (1988) talks about the Third World women engaged in survival struggles that are at the same time struggles for protection of nature. They challenge the notion of nature as object of exploitation and struggle to protect nature from human-caused destruction and struggle to recognize it as the living fo...
